In the spirit of IIT scientific plan the central theme of the research activity of RBCS develops around “the human being” along three main research streams: humanoid robotics with a focus on cognition, human behavioral studies and rehabilitation with a focus on action and perception, human-machine communication and interaction with a strong emphasis on the technological and scientific advancement of bidirectional direct interface to the nervous systems. A factor, common to all three streams is the focus on learning and development and, in general, on the dynamics of knowledge acquisition and update in the framework of goal directed actions.