Aurelio Di Marco (Milan, 1915-1984) graduated in Medicine and studied chemistry in Milan. He studied and worked with Dr. Pietro Rondoni, one of Italy’s pioneer oncologists, who was appointed director of the IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in Milan, which was founded in 1925 and called “Istituto Vittorio Emanuele III per lo studio e la cura del cancro” . Aurelio Di Marco’s interest for research dated back to his university years. He was not a “manager”, he was not interested in managerial activities, however, thanks to his studies he developed a number of medicines of the greatest clinical interest, at first during his university years and later while collaborating with one the most important Italian pharmaceutical companies of the XX century, Farmitalia, where he started his work just after World War II (1945). In the 60s he worked as a research laboratory director with Farmitalia, and he identified etruscomycin first and then chlortetracyclines, new antibiotics stemming from cultures of microorganisms, and then a new class of powerful antitumorigenic substances, the anthracycline antibiotics. The discovery of daunomicyn, which is later called daunorubicin, dates back to 1963, whereas adriamycin (doxorubicin) dates back to 1969. These medicines have been helping many oncologic patients who were thought to be incurable and caused their discoverers to become worldwide famous and Farmitalia to gain a lot of money. Aurelio Di Marco was more famous abroad than in Italy. Highly prestigious scientific institutes offered him jobs, he was asked to go and work in Bethesda, in the United States, where the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and many more important research institutes were located. Aurelio Di Marco chose to stay in Italy and wanted his family to build their future in their home country. He was in charge of the Experimental Chemotherapy Department of the Milan’s Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori until his premature death. He started working with the Institute after collaborating with Farmitalia; however he kept collaborating with it until the end of his life. Aurelio Di Marco died young (69 years old). He suffered from a disease which had been heavily undermining his body for at least a decade, but not his mind. During his last years he was still very bright and alert and started studying immunology.